Bacteriological examination of urine

Urinary tract infections are caused by a variety of microorganisms that reach the urinary tract where they multiply and over time cause changes in the normal functioning of the kidneys and urinary tract.

According to localization sg It can be "lower" when the urethra and bladder are damaged and "upper" when the kidneys and ureters are damaged.

sg A fairly common problem, most infections affect the lower urinary tract (bladder), which is usually treated. However, if we do not detect the infection early enough, it can spread through the urethra, upwards, to the kidneys, causing dangerous pyelonephritis that damages the kidneys. In the most severe cases, the bacteria can spread into the bloodstream and cause life-threatening sepsis.

Depending on the symptoms, STDs may be asymptomatic - bacterial (bacteria in the urine) without clinical symptoms, and symptomatic - when the bacteriuria is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction (leukocytes in the urine) and clinical manifestations.

The incidence of urinary tract infections varies by sex and age: it is more common in boys in the first year of life (the result of phimosis and paraphimosis at this age), then the ratio equals in early childhood, followed by female dominance due to the female urethra being shorter and closer. Is near the anus, allowing intestinal bacteria to move more easily and colonize the urethra. The incidence of infections increases with age (associated with sexual activity and pregnancy). However, the difference between the sexes disappears in the elderly, with an increase in prevalence in men due to prostate diseases.

Patients with kidney (e.g., kidney stones) and other chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes), immunocompromised, or permanently catheterized individuals are at risk for developing recurrent STDs and complications.

In the elderly, immunocompromised patients, and children, the infection may be asymptomatic or nonspecific (fever, indigestion, weight loss).

Urine Of roads Infections In etiology Most Spread There are microbes:

• Gram-negative Sticks (Escherichia coli ,, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Morganella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter spp, Providencia spp.).
• Gram-positive Cokes (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Group B hemolytic streptococci).
• Corynebacterium urealisticum
• Candida albicans Causes urethrocystitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Correct microbiological diagnostics requires clinical information about the patient (age, sex, pregnancy, antibiotic therapy, history of other urological diseases…).

How Get ready For the test / should Collection rules

Bacteriological examination of urine should be performed:

• Before treatment with antibacterial and antifungal agents.
• No earlier than 7-10 days after the end of the course of treatment with antibacterial and antifungal drugs.
• Against the background of antibacterial and antifungal treatment as prescribed by a physician.

• The first morning urine should be collected for analysis or, if this is not possible, urine should be collected at least 4 hours after previous urination.
• To collect the material, rinse the periurethral area with laundry soap and water or wipe with a disinfectant wipe, then pat dry with a clean, dry towel.
• The first portion of urine should be drained and the middle portion of urine containing at least 10-20 ml should be placed in a sterile urine container. Do not collect the last portion of urine!
• Do not fill the container to the brim!
• Do not touch the inner walls of the container!
• In infants - After washing the periurethral area with laundry soap and water or cleaning with a disinfectant wipe, drying with a dry towel, it is advisable to collect urine in the urinal. Urine that is squeezed out of the diaper is not accepted for examination. Transfer urine from the urinal to a sterile container and bring to the laboratory.
• Urine should be brought to the laboratory within one hour of ingestion. If you can not bring the test material to the laboratory within one hour, then it should be stored immediately in the refrigerator at a temperature of + 2–8 ° С for a maximum of 2 hours.
• If the urine is placed in a sterile container containing a preservative (eg boric acid), the urine can be stored in the refrigerator for 24 hours.