Sodium Na | Laboratory research

Possible interpretation of the results

Increase in sodium concentration:

• Hypertensive dehydration syndrome (increased sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, overdose of diuretics, fever, prolonged shortness of breath);
• Insufficient water intake;
• Excessive intake of sodium salts;
• Impaired renal sodium excretion (nephrogenic diabetes mellitus, primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism, Itzenko-Cushing syndrome);
• Certain medications (ACTH, anabolic steroids, androgens, corticosteroids, estrogens, methyldopa, oral contraceptives, sodium bicarbonate).

Reduction of sodium concentration:

1. Reduction of extracellular fluid volume and total sodium:

• Diuretics;
• Loss of salt;
• Addison's disease;
• Glucocorticoid deficiency;
• Osmotic diuresis (diabetes mellitus, condition after urinary tract obstruction);
• Renal tubular acidosis, metabolic alkalosis;
• Extrarenal loss of Na + and water (pancreatitis, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, heartburn, severe diarrhea, vomiting, sweating);
• Is ketonic.

2. Moderately elevated extracellular fluid volume and normal total sodium levels:

• Syndrome of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone;
• Hypothyroidism;
• Psychogenic polydipsia;
• Pain, stress, emotions;
• Postoperative conditions (5% of patients);
• Medications

3. Increased extracellular fluid volume and increased total sodium levels. (Edema-related diseases):

• Congestive heart failure;
• Nephrotic syndrome, renal failure;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• Cachexia;
• Hypoproteinemia.