Determination of blood group and rhesus

Blood group - AB0 system, Reflects the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in the blood plasma.

Human blood in which antigen A is present on the surface of red blood cells belongs to The second group - A (II); Blood, which contains the B antigen, belongs to The third group - B (III). If both A and B antigens are present on red blood cells, it belongs The fourth group - AB (IV). If no such antigens are detected on the surface of red blood cells, blood is assigned The first group - 0 (I).

Rhesus (Rh) factor Is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells in some people. The blood of the person in whom this protein is found is called Rh + (Rhesus positive) blood, And blood in which this antigen is not found - Rh- (Rhesus negative) blood. The presence or absence of this protein is an individual trait and not a pathology.

When should we take a blood type and rhesus test?

It is recommended to perform a test to determine the blood group:

Before a blood transfusion - In the case of those who need a blood transfusion and also in the case of donors.

Transfusions of blood and blood components are most often needed in the following situations:

• Severe anemia;
• Bleeding, during or after surgery;
• Severe injuries;
• Massive blood loss of any origin;
• Oncological diseases and side effects of chemotherapy;
• Coagulation disorders, namely hemophilia;
• Before invasive or surgical intervention;

Rhesus factor is determined in the following cases:

• Immunological monitoring of mother and child prenatal and postpartum period;
• For compatibility of AB0 groups in organ transplants;
• To determine the compatibility of blood between mother and child during pregnancy;
• Before surgery; Prior to transfusion, preparation of blood or its components (donors, recipient).

How to prepare for the test?

An important condition for ensuring the quality of blood laboratory tests is fasting in the morning. Alcohol, smoking, food intake and physical activity should be excluded 12 hours before the examination.

Research material

Venous blood

Possible interpretation of the results

• 0 (I) is the first group;
• A (II) - the second group;
• B (III) - third group;
• AB (IV) - the fourth blood group.
• Rh (+) - Rhesus positive blood;
• Rh (-) - Rhesus negative blood.