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Protein S activity

Known as: protein S activity
SKU: 2087

125.00

Not in stock

Study material: Venous blood
Response time (working day): 14
The test is done on an empty stomach: Yes
Home call service: Yes
Country: EU

General Information

For research Pattern Taking It will happen:

  • In the regions: Monday   
  • In Tbilisi: On Monday or/And on Tuesday (Of the day first in half)

Samples Send Will be implemented On Tuesdays,Of the day second Halfway! For this, Sample Sent Central in the laboratory Should To be sent  Tuesday at 12:00till

 

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein present in platelets and synthesized by liver and endothelial cells.

Protein S acts as a natural anticoagulant. It is a cofactor of -activated protein C (APC), which ensures the inactivation of coagulation factors Vα and VIIIα. In addition, protein S has anticoagulant activity independent of activated protein C, which prevents the formation of prothrombin complexes.

Congenital protein S deficiency is an autosomal dominant disorder. It occurs in 2-6% of patients with deep vein thrombosis. In these patients, the risk of spontaneous abortion, pregnancy complications and arterial thrombosis is much higher.

 

Three variants of protein S deficiency have been described: according to total and free protein S antigen levels and plasma protein S activity. Variants I and III are more typical than II - dysfunctional protein S deficiency.

Homozygous protein S deficiency is rare, may present with disseminated intravascular coagulation in infants, and is characterized by complete absence of protein S.

The exact causes of acquired protein S deficiency are unknown. It can develop in the background of any risk factor for thrombosis and occurs more often than congenital forms. Acquired protein S deficiency may be due to: vitamin K deficiency, anticoagulation therapy, liver disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, pregnancy, estrogen therapy, nephritic syndrome, sickle cell anemia, and others.

 

Possible interpretation of the results

Protein S levels vary by age and gender.

The amount of protein S and binding protein (C4bBP) are regulated in accordance with each other.

Elevated total protein S antigen and low free protein S antigen are consistent with an acute or chronic inflammatory process, or may reflect disease with elevated plasma C4bBP protein.

In patients in whom congenital deficiency of protein S is suspected and the amount of plasma free protein S is normal, a study of free protein S activity is recommended. This corresponds to the second type of plasma protein S deficiency (rare).

 

The clinical significance of the increase of total plasma protein S antigen is not completely certain, because in this situation the free protein S antigen index is usually normal. An increase in total plasma protein S antigen and a decrease in the free protein S antigen level indicate an acquired deficiency (eg during pregnancy or an acute inflammatory process).

Decreased levels of total and free protein S antigen are characteristic of vitamin K deficiency or sometimes of warfarin therapy.

 

Differentiation between congenital and acquired forms sometimes requires repeated research. Also, in some cases, research of family members.

Reference values

 

Preliminary preparation: Both oral and injectable antithrombotic treatment should be stopped a few days before the study.

Material for examination: Platelet-poor plasma

Referral norm:

Activity - 63,5-149 %

 

Protein S levels may be decreased in normal-term or premature infants.

Product description

The study is conducted in patients with a history of thrombosis.

Protein S is secreted by endothelial cells, megakaryocytes, hepatocytes and Leydig cells. Protein S circulates in the blood. 60% of it is bound to component-4-binding protein, and 40% is in free form. Both forms of protein S act as anticoagulants, so their deficiency is associated with deep vein thrombosis and ischemic stroke.

Testing process

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