Profile of pregnant women Laboratory research

The importance of frequent medical examinations for pregnancy monitoring is undeniable, that is why "Synevo" offers "Profile of pregnant women", which includes the following important for the pregnant woman 9 parameter study (Click on a specific product for more information on each parameter):

• Toxoplasma | One hundred IgM
• Red | One hundred IgM
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | One hundred IgM
• Herpes virus type 2 Antibodies IgM
• Chlamydia trachoma | Antibodies IgM
• Glucose
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Complete coagulogram (APTT, PT, INR, fibrinogen)
• General Blood Test & EDS

General Information

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis Is a parasitic disease (parasitosis) caused by an intracellular single-celled parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. In the life cycle of a parasite, humans are the intermediate hosts and members of the cat family are the ultimate hosts. Humans become infected by eating raw or undercooked meat that contains parasite cysts or by the water and food in which oocysts are found. Vertical transmission (fetal transplants) from the mother who developed the disease during pregnancy is important. The parasite mainly affects the nervous system, eyes, skeletal muscles and heart.

There is no specific symptom characteristic of toxoplasmosis. In immunocompetent people it either occurs asymptomatically or with nonspecific symptoms - fatigue, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes (most often the neck lymph nodes).

Acute toxoplasmosis is asymptomatic in most pregnant women. Injury to the fetus occurs during transplacental transmission from a mother who became infected during pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and miscarriage.

Exposure to toxoplasmosis can lead to fetal problems such as:

• Chorioretinitis - inflammation of parts of the eye that can lead to blindness;
• Diffuse intracranial calcifications (brain damage);
• Hydrocephalus (larger head circumference, increased volume of fluid in the skull);
• Limited ability to use muscles (impaired motor functions);
• Convulsions.

Rubella

Rubella is a contagious disease caused by a virus. Symptoms of rubella include low-grade fever, sore throat, and rash. If a pregnant woman in the first trimester gets rubella, it is likely that the infection will be transmitted to the fetus as well. This can even lead to very serious complications such as miscarriage or birth defects in the baby.

The first trimester of pregnancy is the period when rubella can cause the most problems in terms of fetal development. It is therefore important to inform your doctor immediately of any suspected infection.

Congenital rubella syndrome is impossible to cure, therefore The main thing is prevention and timely immunization.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Cytomegalovirus is an infection belonging to the group of herpes viruses. There is no cure for CMV, but it does improve on its own very quickly and does not cause serious problems - unless you are pregnant.

If a pregnant woman is a carrier of the infection, the infection may be transmitted to the fetus as well.

CMV is the most common viral infection that is transmitted transplacentally.

Complications of cytomegalovirus in children:

• Hearing and vision loss;
• Jaundice;
• Small mass at birth;
• Lung problems;
• Convulsions;
• Muscle weakness;
• Mental limitations.

Herpes simplex virus

Simple Herpes virus (HSV) It is an ancient and ubiquitous virus that causes acute and recurrent infections in humans. Transmission occurs through close contact with infected people. The virus enters the mucous membranes (eyes, mouth and genitals) and multiplies locally. The clinical course of the infection is variable and the symptoms can sometimes be minimal and unnoticed. Mainly develops rash, skin damage, genital tract damage and herpes of the newborn.

There are two types of herpes: HSV-1, which can cause blisters in the mouth but can also spread to the genitals. HSV-2 infection Is a sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes and can cause blisters or open sores on the genitals or anus. It can also cause oral herpes.

Herpes can be transmitted to a child in several ways:

• Intrauterine (rarely);
• Genital disease of pregnant women during childbirth (the most common way of infecting infants);
• In newborns;

The greatest risk to the baby is if the first outbreak of herpes is observed during pregnancy. In this case the pregnant woman has fewer antibodies to fight the virus and the virus persists for a longer time.

Simple genital herpes in pregnant women is a indication for cesarean section.

Although rare, intrauterine infection of the fetus with the virus increases the risk of fetal death, may indicate preterm birth, microcephaly or hydrocephalus, defects of the central nervous system and the eye. A vesicular rash is also observed.

Perinatal and postnatal transmission leads to the development of a blistering rash on the skin, which affects the eyes, oral mucosa, oropharyngeal mucosa. Meningoencephalitis may develop with fever, seizures, neurological disorders. Cases of sepsis caused by herpes viruses in newborns have also been reported.

­­­­­­C. Trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis Is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is often diagnosed during pregnancy. C. trachomatis infection in pregnant women carries additional risks compared to non-pregnant women. C. trachomatis is associated with several complications of pregnancy, including: premature rupture of membranes (PROM), premature birth, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and postpartum endometritis. Infants born through an infected birth canal of an infected mother may develop C. trachomatis-induced pneumonitis, conjunctivitis, and nasopharyngeal infection.

In order to avoid complications, it is important to diagnose these infections in pregnant women in a timely manner.

Glucose

A glucose test is a routine test during pregnancy to check a pregnant woman's blood glucose (sugar) level.

Gestational diabetes Is high blood sugar (diabetes) that starts or occurs during pregnancy. This is diabetes that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes causes your blood sugar to rise, which can affect your pregnancy and the health of your baby.

Blood glucose control is important for the health of you and your baby and to prevent complications of childbirth. In women with gestational diabetes, blood sugar levels usually return to normal soon after childbirth. However, in the future, gestational diabetes increases the risk of developing type XNUMX diabetes.

Complications that may affect the child:

• Excess weight at birth;
• Premature birth;
• Severe breathing difficulties;
• Hypoglycemia;
• Future development of obesity and type 2 diabetes;
• Stillbirth.

Complications that may affect the mother:

• High blood pressure and preeclampsia;
• Surgical delivery (caesarean section);
• Development of type 2 diabetes in the future.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Is a glycoprotein produced in basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. TSH is released by a negative feedback mechanism in response to changes in the concentration of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine.

The production of TSH by the pituitary gland is the central regulatory mechanism for the biological action of thyroid hormones.

Determination of TSH is the initial test in the diagnostics of thyroid disorders. Even a small change in the concentration of thyroid hormones causes a change in the concentration of TSH.

During pregnancy, thyroid hormones are very important for the normal development of the fetal brain and nervous system. During the first trimester - Your fetus depends on the supply of thyroid hormone through the placenta. At about 12 weeks her thyroid gland begins to work independently, but she does not produce enough hormones from 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Two pregnancy-related hormones - human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen - cause higher levels of thyroid hormones in the blood and, consequently, a decrease in TSH is observed in 20% of cases.

Complications of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy:

• Miscarriage;
• Premature birth;
• Low birth weight;
• Preeclampsia - a dangerous increase in blood pressure at the end of pregnancy;
• Thyroid storm - sudden, severe worsening of symptoms;
• Congenital heart failure.

Complications of hypothyroidism during pregnancy:

• Preeclampsia;
• Anemia;
• Miscarriage;
• Low birth weight;
• Stillbirth;
• Congenital heart failure.

In order to avoid complications, it is important to timely diagnose gestational diabetes and thyroid disease in pregnant women.

When should we conduct a profile survey of pregnant women?

The test is recommended to assess the general health of the pregnant woman to diagnose toxoplasmosis, measles, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and chlamydia, gestational diabetes and thyroid disease.

How to prepare for the test?

Testing is preferred on empty stomach .

The patient Should To provide Information, Regarding the medications he is taking.

Research material

Venous blood

Possible interpretation of the results

If the test reveals abnormalities, it may be necessary to use additional, other methods of diagnostics. For this, you must consult a specialist, who, taking into account the symptoms, will correctly select the appropriate examinations to make an accurate diagnostics.

Resources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2364418/

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/pregnancy-thyroid-disease

https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-torch-syndrome