Phosphorus P | Laboratory research

Phosphorus (P) Is one of the major intracellular anions; It is composed of inorganic (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium phosphates) and organic (carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, etc.) compounds. Phosphorus in blood cell elements is found only in the composition of organic compounds, while in blood serum mainly in the form of inorganic phosphates, the definition of which is the most clinically important.

Phosphorus is the second most common mineral in the human body after calcium. It represents 1% of body weight, which means that the adult human body has about 600-700 g of phosphorus. The largest amounts of phosphorus are found in skeletal bone (85% in the form of hydroxyapatite), the rest in the muscles, nerves and blood.

Phosphorus plays an extremely important role in bone formation as well as in maintaining skeletal strength. It is also important for maintaining water-electrolyte balance in the body.

The serum phosphate test only checks the level of inorganic phosphorus in the blood. It is a small part of phosphorus in the body and its level depends on nutrition and the secretion of various hormones. Its absorption takes place through the intestinal epithelium and its homeostasis depends on the kidneys, therefore, changes in phosphate levels are most often caused by impaired renal function.

When to take a phosphorus test?

• Bone diseases, trauma, rickets in children;
• Acute and chronic kidney disease, patients on dialysis;
• Post-thyroidectomy period, diseases of the parathyroid glands;
• Chronic alcoholism;
• Patients in need of intensive treatment (infusion therapy, parenteral nutrition, mechanical ventilation);
• D Hypo- and hypervitaminosis;

How to prepare for the test?

It is necessary to take the test on an empty stomach.

It is recommended to limit alcohol intake, smoking and strenuous physical activity for at least 12 hours before the test.

Research material

Venous blood

Possible interpretation of the results

Increased concentration of phosphorus in the blood (hyperphosphatemia):

• Incomplete osteoporosis;
• Neoplastic diseases (leukemia, lymphoma);
• Osteolysis (bone metastases);
• Sarcoidosis; v
• Hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism;
• Ketoacidosis in diabetes mellitus, lactacidosis, respiratory acidosis;
• D hypervitaminosis;
• Acromegaly;
• Portal cirrhosis;
• Healing of bone fractures;
• Toxicosis in pregnant women;
• Spasmophilia;
• Increase muscle load;
• Excess ultraviolet radiation.

Decreased concentration of phosphorus in the blood (hypophosphatemia):

• Disorders of intestinal absorption (vitamin D deficiency, malabsorption, chronic alcoholism, starvation, steatorrhea);
• Osteomalacia, rickets in children;
• Increased urinary excretion (hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular disease, diuretics, diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis after renal transplantation);
• Respiratory alkalosis;
• Severe burns;
• Hyperinsulinemia (in the treatment of diabetes mellitus);
• Hyperventilation (caused by sepsis, intoxication, panic conditions);
• Malignant tumors;
• "Hungry bone" syndrome (prostate cancer metastases in the bone, the period after parathyroidectomy, treatment of rickets or osteomalacia);
• Hereditary diseases (Fanconi syndrome, Lowe syndrome);
• Growth hormone deficiency;
• Pregnancy;
• Hypercalcemia of various etiologies;
• Physical inactivity in children.

Resources

https://spravochnik.synevo.ua/ru/klinicheskaia-himia/phosphor.html
https://www.synevo.bg/fosfor-fosfati/