Onconeuroantibodies (Hu, Yo, Ri, CV2, Amphiphysin, Ma2/Ta)

General Information

Antineuronal antibodies

A specific class of autoantibodies that are associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are clinical neurological conditions that accompany malignant tumors but are not caused by the tumor or its metastases. Paraneoplastic syndromes are also not associated with vascular or infectious processes and are not caused by adverse drug reactions. These syndromes are based on immunological mechanisms.

Different types of tumor cells have different types of antigens, which lead to the production of specific antibodies. These antibodies cross-react with identical antigens in the nervous system and lead to the development of paraneoplastic syndromes.

After the discovery of antineuronal antibodies, it became known that 2/3 of patients with paraneoplastic syndromes have specific autoantibodies.

Antigen-antibody reactions not only indicate a paraneoplastic origin in almost 100% of cases, but are also associated with specific types of tumors. Therefore, the detection of antineuronal autoantibodies may be crucial in the early diagnostics of specific types of tumors.

Paraneoplastic syndrome occurs in 15% of neoplastic cases, mainly associated with the following conditions:

1. Lung and stomach cancers
2. Oto-neuro-ophthalmological neoplasms
3. Small cell lung carcinoma
4. Breast and ovarian carcinoma
5. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
6. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis
7. Paraneoplastic degeneration of the cerebellum
8. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome
9. Stiff-man syndrome
10. Paraneoplastic retinopathy (subacute amaurosis/blindness)

Patient preparation – it is not necessary

Research material -  Venous blood

Interpretation of results

A positive test result confirms the presence of specific antibodies in the patient's serum.

An equivocal result indicates that the presence of autoantibodies in the serum is suspected. Depending on the patient's clinical status, the test may be repeated in 1-2 months.

A negative result indicates the absence of specific autoantibodies in the patient's serum.