Globulin | Laboratory research

General Information

Globulins are heterogeneous (multi-colored), large-sized serum proteins that are synthesized by the liver and immune cells and participate in many processes in the body.

Three main types of globulins are distinguished: alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha and beta globulins perform transport and enzymatic functions, while gamma globulins participate in immune reactions. Gammaglobulins include immunoglobulins such as M, G, and A.

What does the body use globulin for?

In the fight against viruses and infections

in coagulation processes

in proper functioning of liver and kidney

The serum globulin electrophoresis test measures the composition of serum globulin in the liquid part of the blood.

When is the test conducted?

Some diseases are associated with excessive synthesis of hemoglobin. For example, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a tumor disease of blood plasma cells, which is associated with the production of excess immunoglobulins IgM.

The gamma globulin electrophoresis test is used to diagnose diseases that affect the human immune system, such as:

Allergies

Autoimmune diseases

Multiple myeloma

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Evaluation of the functional state of the liver and kidneys

globulin during pregnancy

Serum globulin levels increase during pregnancy. Total serum protein levels also increase. After childbirth, these indicators return to normal.

Referral norms:

Serum globulin - 2.0-3.5 grams per deciliter or 20-35 grams per liter

IgM – 75-300 mg/dL or 750-3000 mg/L

IgG – 65-1850 mg/dL or 6.5-18.5 g/L

IgA – 90-350 mg/dL or 900-3500 mg/L

Interpretation

Increased levels of gamma globulin characterize the following conditions:

• Acute infections
• Cancers of the blood and bone marrow, including multiple myeloma, some lymphomas, and leukemia
• Immunodeficiency syndrome
• Long-term (chronic) inflammatory diseases (eg: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and others)
• Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Preparation of the patient: the study is performed on an empty stomach. Some medications can affect the test results, so the doctor should be informed.