Gamma-interferon | Laboratory research

General Information

Interferon gamma, IFNγ, is a key cytokine of cellular immunity that activates macrophages.

Cytokine - gamma interferon IFNγ is a homodimeric protein, which consists of 143 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 40-70 kDa.

Gamma interferon IFNγ is mainly synthesized by type 1 T helper lymphocytes, NK (natural killers ) by natural killers and cytotoxic T cells.

IFNγ specific receptors of macrophages, namely NK (natural killers ) is located on the membrane of natural killers. Structurally, these receptors belong to the superfamily of cytokine receptors (interferon type). The receptor is a heterodimer composed of two subunits - IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Mutations in genes encoding IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 subunits lead to increased susceptibility to infections caused by Mycobacterium and Salmonella.

Gamma interferon IFNγ stimulates antigen presentation and cytokine synthesis by monocytes. In addition, it provides stimulation of other functions of these cells: adhesion, phagocytosis, secretion, respiratory inflammation and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

Thus, gamma interferon IFNγ ensures the accumulation of macrophages in the area of ​​the cellular immune response and enhances the destruction of intracellular microorganisms by macrophages. Gamma interferon also enhances the destruction of microorganisms by other cells - neutrophils and natural killers. Like interferons INFα and IFNβ, gamma interferon IFNγ inhibits viral replication.

 When is the test conducted?

Quantification of gamma interferon IFNγ in various biological fluids, together with other clinical and paraclinical data, helps to detect immune disorders and monitor treatment results.

Preparation of the patient: The study may be performed on an empty stomach or after a meal.

Material for examination: Venous blood

Referral norms: < 0.1 IU/ml

Interpretation of results

An increase in the level of gamma interferon IFNγ is observed in the following pathologies:

• Juvenile arthritis
• Chronic hepatitis C, especially with alcohol consumption
• Transplant rejection reaction (acute phase)
• Celiac disease
• Wilson's disease