Estradiol (E2) | Laboratory research

Estradiol is produced mainly by the ovaries (follicle cells, corpus luteum), but small amounts are also produced in the adrenal cortex. During pregnancy, it is synthesized mainly by the placenta. Estradiol secretion has two peaks during the menstrual cycle. Its level increases during the follicular phase and depends on the growth and development of the ovarian follicle. It grows until the moment of ovulation and again, when a yellow body is formed. At the end of the menstrual cycle, estradiol and estrogen levels decrease.

In men, estradiol is produced by the testicles and adrenal glands. Its levels may increase in cases of impotence, some tumors, as well as in cases of excessive use of marijuana, alcohol or drugs (phenothiazines and spironolactone).

How to prepare for the test?

It is recommended to take the material in the first half of the day, in a calm state. Fatty foods and medications and products containing biotin (vitamin B7) should be excluded one day before the examination.

The patient should indicate the date of the last menstrual period (6-7 days of the menstrual cycle is recommended) or the gestational age determined by ultrasound.

Some medications act on estradiol levels: clomiphene, diazepam increase rates; Oral contraceptives, Megestrol reduces its levels.

Research material

Venous blood

When monitoring fertility, it is advisable to perform several tests over several days to determine basal estradiol levels and "peaks." Low basal levels without "peaks" or persistently elevated hormone levels are a sign of an anovulatory cycle (cycles without ovulation).

Low levels of estradiol in women over the age of 40 can be a sign of premature menopause, known as premenopause. In young women, low estradiol levels may be associated with anorexia, chronic kidney disease, or premature ovarian failure.

Higher levels of estradiol during pregnancy are also noted due to its increased production by the placenta.