Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) | IgG, IgM, EBNA-IgG antibodies

General Information

Epstein-Barr virus is a widespread lymphotropic herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

The infection is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person.

The virus multiplies in the epithelial cells of the oropharynx, from where it is subsequently shed into saliva and lymphocytes. After the initial infection, the virus remains latent in the body for life.

Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is based on clinical and anamnestic data and serological test results (atypical lymphocytes and antibodies).

IgM antibodies develop approximately 2 weeks after primary infection. Over 2-3 months, IgM antibody titers decline and IgG antibodies increase, often persisting after recovery.

There is a separate class of Epstein Barr IgG antibodies that develop against a viral antigen (Epstein Barr nuclear antigen EBNA). This type of antibody begins to develop several weeks or months after the onset of the disease and persists even after recovery. The detection of EBNA-IgG antibodies, together with other antibodies, allows us to differentiate between convalescent and acute stages.

Patient preparation – not necessary

study sample – Venous blood

Determination of Epstein-Barr antibodies gives less informative results:

• In immunocompromised individuals
• In newborns
• In the diagnostics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• In diagnosing Burkitt's lymphoma