Chlorine Cl | Laboratory research

Chlorine (Cl) Is the main anion of extracellular fluid, it is also found in other body fluids: gastric juice, pancreas and intestines, cecal secretion, sweat in cerebrospinal fluid. Chlorine is the major anion that balances the effects of cations, mainly sodium, on extracellular fluid. Chlorine plays an important role in maintaining the acid-base balance (between plasma and erythrocytes), osmotic balance (between blood and tissues), water balance, activates amylase, participates in the production of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.

The main depot of chlorine is the skin, which can store 30-60% of it.

Under physiological conditions, changes in chlorine concentration are secondary to changes in other electrolytes. Its purpose is to maintain the electroneutrality of the environment: if the bicarbonate content increases, the chlorine content decreases; if the sodium level increases, the chlorine content also increases. Uncompensated hyperchloremia causes metabolic acidosis. Chlorides are excreted mainly in the urine (90%), as well as sweat and feces. Chlorine metabolism is regulated by adrenal cortex and thyroid hormones.

When to take a chlorine test?

• Monitoring and observation of water-electrolyte and acid-base disorders during various diseases;
• Impaired renal function;
• Pathology of the adrenal gland.

How to prepare for the test?

Testing is preferred on empty stomach .

It is recommended to limit alcohol intake, smoking and strenuous physical activity for at least 12 hours before the test.

Research material

Venous blood

Possible interpretation of the results

The concentration of chlorine in the blood increases:

• Kidney disease (nephrosis, nephritis, nephrosclerosis, renal tubular acidosis);
• Dehydration (diarrhea, vomiting, burns);
• Chronic hyperventilation with respiratory acidosis;
• Hyperparathyroidism;
• The subsequent period of infectious diseases;
• Decompensation of the cardiovascular system;
• Increased intake of sodium chloride salts, poisoning with salicylic acid, intake of ammonium chloride;
• Alkalosis;
• Resorption of edema, exudates, transudates;
• Brain trauma with damage to the hypothalamus;
• Eclampsia.

The concentration of chlorine in the blood decreases:

• Increased excretion of chlorine (fever, increased sweating, diarrhea, vomiting);
• Kidney disease (chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome);
• Infectious diseases (intestinal pneumonia);
• Uncontrolled diuretic therapy (with hyponatremia);
• Fluid overload;
• Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis;
• Postoperative period (postoperative acidosis);
• Diabetic acidosis;
• Diseases of the adrenal cortex (hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease);
• ACTH-producing tumors;
• Burnett Syndrome;
• ADH inadequate secretion syndrome;
• Burns of various degrees;
• Congestive heart failure;
• Acute porphyria.

Resources

https://spravochnik.synevo.ua/ru/klinicheskaia-himia/chlor.html