Calcium Ca | Laboratory research

Possible interpretation of the results

 The level increases:

• In hyperparathyroidism.
• Malignant tumors: metastatic cancer of the bone, lung, breast, thyroid, kidney, liver, pancreas, prostate, multiple myeloma, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung or head and neck; 2% of patients with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hypercalcemia in these situations is explained by: Bone metastases (multiple myeloma, Burkitt and adult T-cell lymphomas.)
• Granulomatous diseases (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis).
• Adverse drug reactions (vitamin D poisoning, diuretics, other therapeutic agents).
• Chronic renal failure.
• Other endocrine disorders: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN).
• Acute osteoporosis.
• Various causes: familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, porphyria, dehydration with hyperproteinemia, hypophosphatemia, idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy The level decreases:

• Pseudohypocalcemia, which reflects a decrease in albumin levels.
• Surgical, post-traditional, idiopathic hypoparathyroidism; Parathyroid infiltration for various reasons (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, tumor); Congenital syndromes (Dijorgi syndrome).
• Pseudohypoparathyroidism.
• Malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D in dysfunction of the spleen, celiac disease, pancreas.
• Obstructive jaundice.
• Chronic renal failure with uremia and hyperphosphatemia; Fanconi syndrome; Renal tubular acidosis;
• Acute pancreatitis with fatty necrosis.
• Decreased intake of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D (hunger, malnutrition, bone disease, last trimester of pregnancy);
• Taking medications (tumor chemotherapy, fluoride poisoning, antibiotics, loop diuretics, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, calcitonin, multiple blood transfusions, excess intravenous fluid intake (reduces albumin levels).
• Hypomagnesemia.
• Tumors with osteoblastic metastases (breast, prostate, lung, thyroid).
• Toxic shock syndrome.
• Tumor lysis syndrome.