Apolipoprotein E | Laboratory research

General Information

Apolipoprotein E is located on the surface of lipoproteins in the blood (e.g., very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), etc.). Accordingly, apolipoprotein E influences serum lipid parameters.

Apolipoprotein E is mainly synthesized in the liver, although a small amount is produced in the lungs, spleen, muscles, and brain.

In the nervous system, apolipoprotein E plays an important role in lipid distribution, growth, and renewal of nerve fibers.

The biological activity of apolipoprotein E is influenced by changes in their structure and quantity. Structural changes are mainly due to the ApoE gene located on the long arm of chromosome 19. The gene has three alleles (copies), which produce three isoforms of apolipoprotein E, which cause different forms of dyslipidemia.

Genetic disorders of apolipoprotein E have a significant impact on lipid metabolism and also significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and dementia.

However, in addition to genetic polymorphisms, serum apolipoprotein E concentrations are associated with cholesterol levels.

In addition, it has been proven that apolipoprotein E participates in the development of immune-mediated processes - by presenting lipid antigens to the immune system. Both factors - lipids and the immune process are actively involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Prospective studies have shown that older people with elevated plasma apolipoprotein E levels are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, regardless of the presence or absence of other risk factors (smoking, diabetes, hypertension, etc.). Elevated apolipoprotein E levels also lead to increased C-reactive protein.

When is the survey conducted?

Cardiovascular risk assessment in combination with other markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation

Preparation of the patient: The test is performed on an empty stomach. The sample should be taken 12-14 hours after the last meal.

Material for examination: Venous blood

Apolipoprotein E concentration Gain Possible: during pregnancy, biliary obstruction, hyperlipoproteinemia, multiple sclerosis remission, while taking dexamethasone.

Apolipoprotein E concentration decline Occurs in: ApoE genetic deficiency, taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.