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Echinococcus granulosa is a microscopic parasitic worm that lives in the intestines of dogs, foxes, wolves, and some other animals. It is the causative agent of human echinococcosis.
The parasite is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, through contaminated hands. Man is its intermediate host.
The final host of the mature parasite is a dog or other animals, along with whose faeces the parasite eggs are released into the environment.
After entering the human gastrointestinal system, the germs in the oncosphere of Echinococcus enter the bloodstream and circulate with it. They implant in different organs and form a cyst (bubble-like growth). In the case of granular echinococcus, cysts occur in the liver (50-70%), lungs (25%), rarely in the central nervous system, spleen, kidney, bone marrow, heart.
In most cases, a single cyst (blister) is formed during the initial infection, however, in 20-40% of cases, multiple cysts (in the same organ) develop.
The diagnostics of echinococcosis is complex, it includes the comparison of anamnesis and instrumental-laboratory data. It is often necessary to make a differential diagnostics with a liver abscess, congenital cysts or some malignant processes, for which specific serological tests are used.
The immune response to echinococcosis depends on several factors: the patient's age, cyst location, size and number. In the case of old, closed cysts, the immune response is weak. Rupture of the cyst or violation of the integrity of the wall leads to the stimulation of immune reactions.
Serological tests remain positive even after radical surgery (excision of the cyst) for some time. In case of relapse (repetition) of parasitic infection, the amount of antibodies does not change significantly.
Patient preparation: not required
Study material: Venous blood
Reference norms:
Negative: < 9
Ambiguous: 9 – 11 (retest in 2-4 weeks is recommended)
Positive result: > 11
Research results should be consistent with clinical data. A negative answer does not exclude the presence of echinococcosis. Due to the cross-activity of the antibodies, in case of a positive response, the presence of another parasitic disease is not excluded.
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More than 1000 routine and complex/specific diagnostic tests in all major areas of clinical pathology.
48 laboratory centers in 25 cities of Georgia: Tbilisi, Rustavi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Marneuli, Telavi, Zugdidi, Zestafon, Gori, Kobuleti, Akhaltsikhe, Khashuri, Sartichala, Kazbegi, Borjomi, Samtredia, Gurjaani, Lagodekhi, Akhmeta, Ozurgeti, Poti, Chiatura , Dusheti, Kareli, New Gudauri.
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30 laboratory centers in 11 cities of Georgia: Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Kobuleti, Zugdidi, Zestaponi, Rustavi, Marneuli, Akhaltsikhe, Telavi, Gori.
More than 3000 routine and complex / specific diagnostic tests in all major areas of clinical pathology.
"Synevo" - Providing a wide range of diagnostic services in Georgia, offering more than 1,000 routine and specific diagnostic tests in all major areas of clinical pathology. By the end of 2023, the Synevo Georgia network will include 3 clinical laboratories and 47 blood sampling units, which will perform more than 300,000 tests.
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