Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)

AMA (Antimitochondrial Antibodies) - Antibodies that are not specific to a specific organ. They are directed against lipoproteins present in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

AMA is a serological marker of primary biliary cirrhosis (primary biliary cholangitis) (specificity 90-96%). The disease is characterized by progressive destruction of bile duct branches, leading to cholestasis and cirrhosis of the liver. This disease is mainly found in women with genetic predisposition.

AMA mitochondrial antigens are classified into 9 subtypes (M1-M9). For the first time biliary cirrhosis is most often associated with the M2 subtype.

When should we test for antimitochondrial antibodies?

• When a doctor suspects the presence of a disease such as primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis.
• To assess the degree of disease activity and to monitor the effect of treatment.

If you have any of the following symptoms:

• Gravity in the right pelvic area
• Jaundice
• Dark urine
• Presence of nodules on the skin along with jaundice
• Itching

How to prepare for the test?

No special patient preparation is required for the test.

The test result is not affected by food, water or other products.

Research material

Venous blood

Possible interpretation of results and diagnostic limitations

AMA levels increase during primary biliary cirrhosis. A very small percentage of patients with biliary cirrhosis do not have antimitochondrial antibodies. They are called AMA-negatives (5%).

AMA can sometimes be detected in other liver diseases such as: chronic active hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, and in patients with clinical manifestations of liver disease but without biochemical changes.

Also, AMA can sometimes be detected in diseases such as: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid diseases, pernicious anemia, Addison's disease and others.

Resources

https://www.synevo.bg/ama/