HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) Is a virus that damages the human immune system. Untreated HIV affects and kills CD4 cells, which are a type of immune cell called T cells. Over time, HIV kills more CD4 cells, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.
HIV is a sexually transmitted disease And most of his transfer Frequent The way is unprotected sexual contact.
Without treatment, HIV can cause disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), During which the immune system is too weak to respond successfully to other diseases, infections and pathological conditions.
The human body can not get rid of HIV, it can not be cured, so once you become infected with HIV, you remain infected for the rest of your life. However, when treated with anti-HIV drugs (called antiretroviral therapy or ART), people living with HIV can live longer and healthier lives and prevent HIV transmission to sexual partners. In addition, there are effective methods to prevent HIV infection, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS (AIDS)
AIDS Is a late stage of HIV infection that develops when the body's immune system is severely damaged due to a virus.
HIV progresses to AIDS and an HIV-infected person is considered to have AIDS when:
If AIDS has developed, it means that the immunity is severely impaired, i.e. the immune system is weakened to the point that it can no longer respond successfully to most diseases and infections. This makes a person with AIDS vulnerable to a wide range of diseases (eg pneumonia, tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus infection, lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, etc.)
Without treatment, people with AIDS typically live about 3 years. When a person has a dangerous opportunistic disease, life expectancy without treatment drops to about 1 year. HIV treatment can still help people at this stage of HIV infection and it may be the only way to prolong life. However, people who start antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as they become infected with HIV are more likely to benefit because antiretroviral treatment can help prevent AIDS - which is why HIV testing is so important!
You can only become infected with HIV through direct contact with various fluids in an infected human body, such as:
When transmitted by infection, the virus in these fluids enters the bloodstream of an HIV-negative person through a mucous membrane, through open wounds or ulcers, or by direct injection.
People living with HIV who take their daily anti-HIV medication and maintain a low viral load that cannot be detected are actually not at risk of transmitting HIV sexually to their HIV-negative partners.
The most common ways of transmission are:
Less common ways are:
HIV is spread only in extremely rare cases:
HIV is not spread in the following ways:
The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary according to the phase of the infection.
The first few weeks after becoming infected with HIV Stage of acute infection Are called.
During this time the virus multiplies rapidly and the human immune system responds by producing antibodies against HIV.
At this stage, some infected people do not have symptoms at first, and some experience flu-like or other seasonal virus-like symptoms within the first month, but they often do not realize that the cause of these symptoms is HIV.
Early symptoms of HIV infection may include:
Despite the symptoms, the viral load (the amount of HIV in the blood) is very high during this period, which means that the infected person is easily transmitted.
The initial symptoms of HIV usually disappear within a few months when a person becomes infected with HIV In the chronic, or clinically latent phase - At this stage of the infection, HIV still persists in the body and in white blood cells, however, many people may not have any symptoms or infection. This phase can last for many years or even decades.
Symptomatic HIV infection
As the virus continues to multiply and destroy your immune cells, you may develop mild infections or chronic signs and symptoms such as:
Women living with HIV are at increased risk for the following pathological conditions:
Without treatment, HIV progresses to AIDS in about 8-10 years.
With AIDS, opportunistic infections or opportunistic tumors can develop - diseases that do not usually cause illness in people with healthy immune systems.
Some of the signs and symptoms of this infection are:
Contact your doctor for detailed information on other prophylactic methods.
HIV can be diagnosed by a blood or saliva test.
Antigen / antibody tests. These tests detect HIV antigens and antibodies in the blood. A positive result may show 2-6 weeks after infection
Antibody tests. These tests detect antibodies to HIV in the blood or saliva. Most rapid tests for HIV are antibody tests. A positive result may show in 3-12 weeks.
Nucleic acid tests (NATs). These tests detect the real virus in your blood (viral load). It is the first test after infection that shows a positive result.
HIV testing is easier today than ever before!
Treatment should be started as soon as possible after being diagnosed with HIV, regardless of viral load.
Is the mainstay of treatment for HIV Antiretroviral therapy, A combination of daily medications that stop the virus from multiplying. It helps protect CD4 cells and strengthens the immune system.
Antiretroviral therapy prevents the progression of HIV infection and the development of AIDS. It also reduces the risks of transmitting HIV.
When treatment is effective, the viral load is reduced - a person still has HIV but the virus is not detected by tests. If an infected person stops antiretroviral therapy, the viral load will increase again and HIV can start attacking CD4 cells again.
Contact your doctor for detailed information on HIV treatment!
If You doubt it On HIV / AIDS Or other Sexually Transmitted Infection / Disease On existence (Diagnostics In order), If Infected you are, If Moved do you have Infection (Monitoring In order) ან You want Screening due to the presence of risk factors (Prevention In order), Laboratory "Sinevo" Offers Then Studies:
| Name of the test | Category | Price | CODE | Response time (working day) ** | Location of the analysis **** | Buy | hf: categories |
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Resources
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids
https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids#medications
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531
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