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The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test determines the average level of glucose in the blood over the past 2-3 months. For patients with type 2 diabetes, regular determination of glycated hemoglobin is important for evaluating the average index of glycemia and monitoring treatment.
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Hemoglobin is a protein that is placed in red blood cells - erythrocytes, gives it a red color and performs the function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.
When the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood increases, it binds to the hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. The glycated hemoglobin test measures how much glucose is bound to the hemoglobin molecule. Since the lifespan of hemoglobin is about 3 months, glycated hemoglobin gives us information about the blood sugar content of the last 3 months.
When blood glucose levels are high for a long time, glycated hemoglobin also increases.
The normal rate of glycated hemoglobin for healthy people (who are not diagnosed with diabetes) is 4% to 5.6%. Indicators of glycated hemoglobin from 5.7% to 6.4% correspond to the state of prediabetes. 6.5% and more indicates a diagnostics of diabetes.
The target glycated hemoglobin level for diabetics is less than 7%. The higher the level of glycated hemoglobin, the greater the risk of developing diabetes complications.
For people suffering from diabetes, it is recommended to measure glycated hemoglobin every 3 months.
In diseases and conditions that affect the amount of hemoglobin (eg: anemia, vitamins C and E, high cholesterol in the blood, kidney and liver diseases) - the glycated hemoglobin reading may not be accurate
Preparation of the patient: Research is not conducted on an empty stomach
Material for examination: Venous blood
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/glycated-hemoglobin-test-hba1c
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