Chlamydia Is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria With Chlamydia trachomatis. It can cause Cervicitis, urethritis და Proctitis.
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In women, these infections can cause:
Many cases of chlamydia are difficult to record because most infected people have no symptoms and do not seek testing. Chlamydia is most common in young people (two-thirds of infections occur in young people aged 15-24).
Chlamydia is spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sexually transmitted infections. Sperm is not necessary to get or spread an infection.
Infected pregnant women can pass chlamydia to their baby during childbirth. This can lead to neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia. Rectal or genital infection in newborns may persist for a year or more.
If you have sex with a person with chlamydia, a person with chlamydia who is being treated can become infected again.
At risk for developing chlamydia are sexually active people who may become infected during vaginal, anal, or oral sex without a condom with a partner who is infected with chlamydia.
Teenage girls and young women may have cervical ectopy, which may increase their susceptibility to chlamydial infection.
Some refer to chlamydia as a "silent" infection because most people with the infection have no symptoms or abnormal physical examination results. Studies have shown that about 10% of men and 5-30% of women with confirmed infection develop symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of an infection may include:
In women, the bacteria initially damage the cervix. This can lead to Cervicitis Signs and symptoms (e.g. mucosal-purulent endocervical discharge, easily induced endocervical bleeding). Bacteria can also infect the urethra, which can cause it Urethritisს Signs and symptoms (eg, pyuria, dysuria, frequent urination). The infection can spread from the cervix to the upper reproductive tract (i.e. the uterus and fallopian tubes) and cause Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may be asymptomatic ("subclinical PID") or with typical symptoms of acute abdominal and / or pelvic pain. Examination may reveal signs of cervical movement and hypersensitivity of the uterus.
Men with symptoms usually have urethritis, mucous or watery urethral discharge, and dysuria. Some men develop epididymitis (with or without symptomatic urethritis) with unilateral testicular pain, hypersensitivity, and edema.
Chlamydia can infect the rectum in both men and women. It can occur directly - through anal sex, or by spreading it from the cervix and vagina in women. Although these infections are often asymptomatic, they can cause symptoms of proctitis (eg, rectal pain, discharge, and / or bleeding).
Conjunctivitis can develop in both men and women due to contact with infected genital secretions.
Although chlamydia can also be spread in the mouth during oral sex, there are usually no symptoms at this time.
The primary damage caused by chlamydia is often overlooked. However, infections can lead to serious health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences.
If left untreated, chlamydia can spread to the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Symptomatic PID occurs in approximately 10-15% of women who do not receive treatment. Both acute and subclinical PID can cause Damage to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and surrounding tissues. Injury can cause Chronic pelvic pain, tube-induced infertility და Potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy.
It develops in some patients with PID Perihepatitis, or "Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome." This syndrome involves inflammation of the liver capsule and surrounding peritoneum, which can cause pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Untreated chlamydia in pregnant women can cause Premature birth, neonatal ophthalmia (conjunctivitis) და Neonatal pneumonia.
In men and women it can develop with or without symptoms after infection Reactive arthritis.
Untreated chlamydia can increase a person's chances of getting or transmitting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).
Untreated chlamydia in infants can cause:
Screening and treating chlamydia in pregnant women is the best way to prevent the disease in infants. During the first prenatal visit and during the third trimester, screening is recommended:
Anyone who has the following genital symptoms:
Anyone who has had oral, anal, or vaginal sexual contact with a partner who has recently been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease.
Because chlamydia usually has no symptoms, Screening is required To detect most infections. Screening programs can reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes in women.
Men who have sex with men (including those living with HIV) should have more frequent screening for chlamydia at intervals of 3 to 6 months if the risk factors persist or if they or their sexual partners have multiple partners.
All sexually active people should be tested for chlamydia at the initial visit for HIV.
Chlamydia can be diagnosed by determining the DNA of Chlamydia Trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
It is advisable for diagnostics
Chlamydia is treated with antibiotics.
In most cases, the infection disappears in 1-2 weeks. You should abstain from sexual contact during this time. Your sexual partner or partners also need treatment, even if they have no signs or symptoms.
The presence of chlamydia or its treatment in the past does not rule out the possibility of re-infection with chlamydia.
To prevent chlamydial infection it is advisable to:
If you suspect chlamydia (for diagnostics), if you are infected with chlamydia trachomatis, if you have an infection (for monitoring) or if you want screening (for prevention), Laboratory "Synevo" offers the following studies:
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Resources
https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia-detailed.htm
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chlamydia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355349
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